SFTP vs FTP: Why You Should Use SFTP to Transfer Website Files
When you upload files to a website, the protocol you choose matters. The SFTP vs FTP question comes down to security: FTP is an older protocol that sends your login details and files without encryption by default, while SFTP carries everything through an encrypted connection. For almost every modern website, SFTP is the better choice.
What Is FTP?
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) was designed in an era when networks were smaller and less hostile. It lets you connect to a server, browse directories, and upload or download files. The problem is that plain FTP transmits usernames, passwords, and file contents in readable form, so anyone able to observe the connection could capture them.
Plain FTP typically uses port 21 for commands, along with separate data connections, which can also complicate firewall and router configuration.
What Is SFTP?
SFTP stands for SSH File Transfer Protocol. It runs inside an SSH connection, the same technology used for secure remote server access. Everything, including credentials, commands, and file data, is encrypted. It typically uses a single connection, often on port 22, although hosting providers sometimes use a different port.
What About FTPS?
FTPS is a different thing: it is FTP with TLS encryption added. It is more secure than plain FTP but still carries FTP’s multiple-connection complexity. SFTP and FTPS are not interchangeable, so make sure your client is set to the protocol your host supports.
SFTP vs FTP Compared
| Feature | FTP | SFTP |
|---|---|---|
| Encryption | None by default | Always encrypted |
| Credential protection | Sent in plain text | Protected inside SSH |
| Connections | Separate command and data connections | Single connection |
| Key-based login | Not supported | Supported |
| Typical port | 21 | 22 or a host-defined port |
How to Connect Using SFTP
- Collect your details: server hostname, username, password or key, and port. Your hosting provider’s documentation or control panel will list them.
- Choose a client: graphical applications exist for Windows, macOS, and Linux, and the
sftpcommand is available in most terminals. - Select SFTP as the protocol and enter the details.
- Verify the host fingerprint the first time you connect, and compare it with the one your provider publishes if available. This protects you from connecting to an impostor server.
- Navigate to your site’s document root and transfer your files.
Best Practices for Secure File Transfers
- Prefer SSH keys over passwords where your host allows it, and protect the private key with a passphrase.
- Use separate accounts for each person or tool, so access can be removed without disturbing others.
- Remove unused accounts promptly, particularly for former developers.
- Do not use your main hosting account login for routine uploads if a limited account is available.
- Keep your client software updated.
- Never store credentials in files within the public web directory.
Get File Permissions Right After Uploading
Files uploaded by a different user, or with the wrong permissions, can cause errors or expose more than intended. Check ownership and permissions after large uploads. Our guide to website file permissions and ownership explains what the numbers mean. If the site displays a server error after an upload, review how to troubleshoot the HTTP 500 error.
Keep Your Directory Tidy
Transfers are safer when your directory structure is clear. Keep backups and database exports out of the public web directory, and remove old copies once they are no longer needed. For ideas, read how to organize website files for easier maintenance.
Think About Account Security Too
Even a secure protocol cannot protect a stolen or reused password. Use unique passwords, enable two-factor authentication where available, and follow the practices in how to protect a website and hosting account. If you suspect your credentials have been exposed, change them immediately and review recent activity.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is SFTP the same as FTP over SSL?
No. FTP over SSL or TLS is FTPS, a different protocol. SFTP is built on SSH and works differently.
Can I use SFTP on shared hosting?
Many hosts support it, but some limit SSH access to certain plans or require you to enable it. Check your hosting account or ask your provider.
Is SFTP slower than FTP?
Encryption adds a little overhead, but for typical website file transfers the difference is rarely noticeable.
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